1 病例资料
患者女,23岁。因“间断咳血一月余”来我院就 诊。一月前因“感冒”后出现咳鲜血(约10 mL)伴发 热、咳嗽及咳痰,CT扫描示气管肿物,给予抗炎对症 治疗后咳嗽、咳痰症状消失。由外院支气管镜活检, 病理诊断为良性肿瘤,于2009年1月5日转入我院进一 步诊治。支气管镜检查:主气道距隆突近3 cm处见一肿 物突向管腔,管腔明显狭窄。CT扫描见气管下段管腔 内一类圆形团块影,边缘较光整,基底部与气管左后 壁似有蒂相连。手术袖状切除部分气管及肿物后行气 管成形术。
病理检查:送检一段气管,长1.8 cm,直径1.6 cm,距上端切缘0.4 cm处见一肿物,体积2.0 cm×1.2 cm× 1.0 cm,肿瘤位于气管粘膜下,未见明显包膜,表面光 滑,切面呈实性,灰白色,镜下见上皮细胞分布在粘液 样基质中,上皮细胞呈片状及腺样排列(图1)。免疫 组化显示Ki-67阳性率< 5,瘤细胞SMA及p63呈阳性表 达(图2)。
病理诊断:气管多形性腺瘤。
图 1 气管多形性腺瘤的HE染色结果。A:肿物位于气管软骨旁,上皮样细胞在粘液样基质内呈腺样及片状排列(HE, ×40);B:肿物位于气管粘膜下, 上皮样细胞在粘液样基质内成片排列(HE, ×100)。 Fig 1 HE stain results of pleomorphic adenoma of trachea. A: The tumor located by bronchial cartilage, glandular and sheets of epitheliod cells scattered in myxoid stroma (HE, ×40); B: Beside the respiratory mucosa sheets of epitheliod cells scattered in the myxoid stroma (HE, ×100).
图 2 气管多形性腺瘤的免疫组化染色结果。A:Ki-67阳性率< 5%(IHC, ×200);B:上皮样细胞中SMA呈阳性(IHC, ×200);C:上皮样细胞中p63呈 阳性(IHC, ×200)。 Fig 2 Immunohistochemical stain results of pleomorphic adenoma of trachea. A: Positive rate of Ki-67< 5% (IHC, ×100); B. Expression of SMA in epitheliod cells was positive (IHC, ×100); C. Expression of p63 in epitheliod cells was positive (IHC, ×200).
2 讨论
多形性腺瘤多发生于涎腺组织,发生于气管者罕见,文献[1]报道50余例。此瘤可发生于气管内,也可 见于肺实质内。肿瘤直径大小为2 cm-16 cm,多呈息肉 样。气管内的病变常累及主支气管或二级支气管,因 此表现出阻塞的症状如咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难及喘息 等。本例患者病变位于气管内,以咳血为首发症状, 可能是由于肿瘤侵及血管,导致出血。患者伴有咳 嗽、咳痰和感染,与文献[1]描述一致。位于肺实质内的 病变通常不累及气道,因此多无临床症状,常在查体 行影像学检查时被发现[2]。
病理检查:气管多形性腺瘤的组织学改变与发 生于唾液腺者相同,具有双向分化特征。片状、小梁 状或岛状的上皮细胞和(或)肌上皮细胞分布在粘液 样、透明软骨样基质或透明变性间质中。可以伴有灶 性鳞状上皮化生和纤维化,间质中也可见脂肪组织及 脂肪母细胞[3,4]。出现坏死和病理核分裂常提示有恶变 的可能,但很少见。免疫组化显示上皮成分CK阳性, 肌上皮细胞vimentin、actin及S-100阳性[5]。本病例切片 中,上皮样细胞中p63和SMA表达阳性,提示该病例以 肌上皮样细胞分化为主。同时Ki-67阳性率< 5,显示 较低的增殖活性。
多形性腺瘤的发生机制尚不清楚[5]。诊断时需与类癌、腺样囊性癌、低恶度的粘液表皮样癌、软骨瘤及错构瘤等相鉴别[6]。
肿瘤切除和气管重建是目前治疗此瘤的主要方 法。少数病例术后有转移或复发的报道,故认为生物学 行为具有低度恶性潜能[4]。肿瘤的复发取决于肿瘤的大 小、局部的浸润程度以及核分裂[7]。因此多数学者倾向 手术治疗,以防复发。
Matsubara M, Yasuo M, Tanabe T, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma with an endobronchial resection. Intern Med, 2008, 47(12): 1117-1120.
Cagle PT, Allen TC, Barrios R, et al. Color atlas and text of pulmonary pathology. In Wolters Kluwer, 2007. 185-186.
Baghai-Wadji M, Sianati M, Nikpour H, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea in an 8-year-old boy: a case report. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(8): e23-26.
Sakamoto H, Uda H, Tanaka T, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma in the periphery of the lung. Report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 1991, 115(4): 393-396.
Guo L, Zhang J, Dang BW, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma of trachea: one case report and literature review. Chin J Misdiag, 2008, 8(11): 2536-2538. [郭丽, 张杰, 党斌温, 等. 气管多形性腺瘤1例报告并文献复习. 中国误诊学杂志, 2008, 8(11): 2536-2538.]
Gaissert HA, Mark EJ. Tracheobronchial gland tumors. Cancer Control, 2006, 13(4): 286-294.
Kajikawa S, Oki M, Saka H, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea. Respiration, 2010, 80(5): 433-434.
Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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