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Abstract
We demonstrate, for the first time, the direct generation of a bottle beam with a well-isolated three-dimensional zero-intensity dark core (high potential barrier) from a compact intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser with a nearly hemispherical cavity. We also numerically calculate the physical properties of the generated bottle beam using a coherent superposition of a series of frequency-locked Laguerre–Gaussian modes.
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1 Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan; Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
2 Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
3 Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan