Abstract

We estimated monthly air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas north of 60 N from 1997 to 2014. This was done by mapping partial pressure of CO2 in the surface water (pCO2w) using a self-organizing map (SOM) technique incorporating chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea ice concentration, atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio, and geographical position. We applied new algorithms for extracting Chl a from satellite remote sensing reflectance with close examination of uncertainty of the obtained Chl a values. The overall relationship between pCO2w and Chl a was negative, whereas the relationship varied among seasons and regions. The addition of Chl a as a parameter in the SOM process enabled us to improve the estimate of pCO2w, particularly via better representation of its decline in spring, which resulted from biologically mediated pCO2w reduction. As a result of the inclusion of Chl a, the uncertainty in the CO2 flux estimate was reduced, with a net annual Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake of 180 ± 130 Tg C yr−1. Seasonal to interannual variation in the CO2 influx was also calculated.

Details

Title
Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake: an improved multiyear estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux incorporating chlorophyll a concentrations
Author
Yasunaka, Sayaka 1 ; Siswanto, Eko 2 ; Olsen, Are 3 ; Hoppema, Mario 4 ; Watanabe, Eiji 5 ; Fransson, Agneta 6 ; Chierici, Melissa 7 ; Murata, Akihiko 1 ; Lauvset, Siv K 8 ; Wanninkhof, Rik 9 ; Takahashi, Taro 10 ; Kosugi, Naohiro 11 ; Omar, Abdirahman M 12 ; Steven van Heuven 13 ; Mathis, Jeremy T 14 

 Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 
 Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 
 Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 
 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Climate Sciences Department, Bremerhaven, Germany 
 Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 
 Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Norway 
 Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway 
 Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA 
10  Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA 
11  Oceanography and Geochemistry Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan 
12  Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 
13  Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Groningen University, the Netherlands 
14  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Arctic Research Program, Seattle, WA, USA 
Pages
1643-1661
Publication year
2018
Publication date
2018
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
ISSN
17264170
e-ISSN
17264189
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2170904307
Copyright
© 2018. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.