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Abstract
Introducción. El sedentarismo es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas y generar alteraciones respiratorias y cardiovasculares. Para contrarrestar esto, se han planteado modalidades de intervención como el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio (EMR).
Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un programa de EMR sobre fuerza muscular respiratoria, función pulmonar y consumo de oxígeno en reposo de sujetos sedentarios.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio experimental pre y post-intervención con estudiantes sedentarios. El nivel de actividad física y estilo de vida se determinó con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire y el cuestionario Fantástico, la fuerza muscular respiratoria por medio de presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máxima con medidor Dwyer Series 477 y la función pulmonar y el consumo de oxígeno mediante espirometría y calorimetría indirecta, con calorímetro Vmax Encore 29C®. Se realizó EMR durante ocho semanas con sistema Threshold IMT. El análisis estadístico se hizo con el software R versión 3.1.2.
Resultados. Se encontraron cambios clínicos y estadísticamente significativos en presión inspiratoria máxima (pre: 81.23±22.00/post: 96.44±24.54 cmH2O; p<0.001); presión espiratoria máxima (pre: 94.84±21.63/post: 107.39±29.15 cmH2O; p<0.05), función pulmonar VEF1 (pre: 3.33±0.88/post: 3.54±0.90 litros (p<0.05), y relación VEF1/CVF (pre: 87.78±7.67/post: 93.20±6.02% (p<0.01).
Conclusión. El protocolo de EMR de ocho semanas con sistema Threshold IMT mejoró los parámetros de fuerza y VEF1, sin cambios significativos en el consumo de oxígeno.
Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for developing noncommnunicable diseases, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. To counter this, different types of interventions have been proposed, including respiratory muscle training (RMT).
Objective: To determine the effect of a respiratory muscle training program on respiratory muscle strength, lung function and resting oxygen consumption in sedentary subjects.
Materials and methods: Pretest-posttest experimental study conducted in sedentary students. Lifestyle and the level of physical activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the FANTASTIC questionnaire, while respiratory muscle strength was established by means of expiratory and inspiratory pressure using a Dwyer Series 477 meter, and lung function and oxygen consumption was determined by spirometry and indirect calorimetry whit Vmax Encore 29C® calorimeter. Respiratory muscle training was performed for eight weeks with Threshold IMT system. R software, version 3.1.2, was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements were found in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (pre: 81.23±22.00/post: 96.44±24.54 cmH2O; p<0.001); maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (pre: 94.84±21.63/post: 107.39±29.15 cmH2O; p<0.05); pulmonary function FEV1 [(pre: 3.33±0.88/post: 3.54±0.90L) (p<0.05)]; and FEV1/FVC ratio [(pre: 87.78±7.67/post: 93.20±6.02% (p<0.01)].
Conclusion: The respiratory muscle training protocol implemented for eight weeks using the Threshold IMT system improved strength and FEV1. There were no significant changes in oxygen consumption.
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