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Abstract
The article presents the optimization method of load division between combined heat and power plant units. The method used the power unit division into functioning parts and the differential-exergy method. This method allowed presenting the unit as a structural diagram where exergetic subsystems are fuel supply, steam generator, turbine, generator and electrical equipment, water supply and regeneration, heat supply to the consumer. The differential-exergy method was based on a combination of exergy analysis and optimization method of economic efficiency criteria using uncertain Lagrange multipliers. The use of the exergy function of goal allowed avoiding the problem of division of fuel costs for each type of product that was important at optimization. The optimization criterion, its parameters and limitations were developed as well. These parameters can extend traditional technical and economic analysis of the combined heat and power plants operating mode, as they take into account thermodynamically rigorous division of fuel costs between heat and electric power at their complex production on the combined heat and power plants. The use of the differential-exergy method in optimizing the load distribution of the power units of the combined heat and power plants makes possible obtaining of fuel savings of 1.5 to 3%. It has been shown that if the parameters of power units deteriorate, the application of the method makes it possible to have the best performance of the power plant when it is compared with functioning of combined heat and power units at proportional loading.
În lucrare se prezintă principalele prevederi ale metodei de optimizare a distribuţiei sarcinilor între agregatele unei centrale termice şi centrale electrice combinate, pe baza divizării unităţii de putere în părţi funcţionale şi a aplicării unei metode de diferenţiere-exergie. Abordarea prezentată ne permite să determinăm fluxurile de exergie pentru orice secţiune a unităţii de putere în cauză, ce este importantă în determinarea exergiei cu eliberarea de căldură, şi este aplicată mai întâi la soluţionarea problemei optimizării regimului. Utilizarea funcţiei exergie permite evitarea soluţionării problemei de alocare separată a cheltuielilor pentru combustibil pe fiecare tip de produs, ceea ce este important pentru optimizare. Se formulează criteriul de optimizare, parametrii şi limitele acestuia. Se demonstrează că efectul distribuirii optime a încărcăturii între unităţi poate fi de 1,5 ... 3%. Se demonsrează că, în cazul în care parametrii unităţilor de putere se abat de la valorile nominale, procedura de optimizare a sarcinilor face posibili indicatori mai buni decât funcţionarea centralei electrice cu termoficare la parametrii nominali, dar cu încărcare proporţională a unităţilor de generare.
В статье представлены основные положения метода оптимизации распределения нагрузок между агрегатами теплоэлектроцентрали, в основе которого лежит разделение энергоблока на функционирующие части и применение дифференциально-эксергетического метода. Представленный подход позволяет определить потоки эксергии в любом сечении рассматриваемого энергоблока, что важно при определении эксергии с отпуском теплоты. Применение эксергетической функции позволяет избежать задачи разнесения затрат на топливо по каждому виду продукции, что важно при оптимизации, и впервые применяется для задачи оптимизации режимов. Сформулированы критерий оптимизации, его параметры и ограничения. Показано, что эффект от оптимального распределения нагрузки между агрегатами может составлять 1,5…3%. Показано, что при отклонении параметров энергоблоков от номинальных значений процедура оптимизации распределения нагрузок позволяет получить лучшие показатели по сравнению с работой теплоэлектроцентрали на номинальных параметрах, но при пропорциональном несении нагрузок.
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