Cardiometabolic importance of 1-h plasma glucose in obese subjects

Abstract

Background/objectives

To study the importance and clinical usefulness of the 1-h plasma glucose (1hPG) in a Caucasian obese population with regard to the presence of prediabetes, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Subjects/methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2439 overweight or obese subjects. All received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the American Diabetes Association criteria. ROC-curves were used to compare the sensitivity and (1-specificity) of 1hPG versus FPG and 2hPG to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.

Results

Of 2439 patients (72.1% female) (age 43 ± 13 years, BMI 37.9 (34.6–41.6) kg/m²), 1262 (51.7%) had a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL. The prevalence of prediabetes was 33.8% and of diabetes 9.8%. In these 240 diabetic patients, only 1.6% (four patients) did not show a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL. Subjects with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL were more insulin resistant (p < 0.001), had a higher waist (p < 0.001), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), microalbuminuria (p < 0.001), PAI-1 (p < 0.001), and worse lipid profile (p < 0.001) than subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL. MetS was present in 64.1% of subjects with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL versus 42.5% of subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL (p < 0.001). In the group with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL 32.6% had a normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 48.9% had prediabetes, and 18.5% was diagnosed with T2DM compared to 81.7% NGT, 17.7% prediabetes, and 0.6% T2DM in subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL (p < 0.001). Among NGT subjects, 30.0% had a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL and showed higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.008), VAT (p < 0.001), blood pressure (p < 0.001), and worse lipid profile (p = 0.001). Compared to 1hPG < 155 mg/dL, the sensitivity and specificity of 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL of prediabetes were 74.8% and 60.0% and for diabetes 97.1% and 53.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

This study supports the role of 1hPG value as a valuable tool in the detection of obese subjects at high risk for T2DM and MetS.