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Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between low serum vitamin D levels and comorbidity in Somali women, immigrants to Sweden.
Design and setting: Cohort study in a Primary Health Care Center and a University Hospital.
Subjects: Somali women skin type V, n = 114, aged 18–56 years, from latitude 0–10○ N, living in Sweden, latitude 57○ N > 2 years were compared with women from a population sample, skin type II-III, n = 69, aged 38–56 years, the WHO MONICA study, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Main outcome measures: Serum (S)-25(OH)D, S-parathyroid hormone (PTH), comorbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and part of the EQ-5D questionnaires. All calculations were corrected for age.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l) was found in 73% of the Somali women and in 1% of the controls (p < .0001). S-PTH was elevated (>6.9 pmol/l) in 26% and 9%, respectively (p < .004). Somali women used less medication, 16% vs. 55%, p < .0001) but more allergy medication, 11% vs. 7% (p = .006), had fewer fractures, 2% vs. 28% (p < .0001) and lower HRQoL in 7 out of 9 scales (p < .05–.001), than native controls. There were no differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies, vitamin B12 deficiency, celiac disease or hypertension.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was common in Somali women living in Sweden, 73%, but comorbidity was low. Both mental, and especially physical HRQoL scores were lower in the Somali women. The effects of long-lasting deficiency are unknown.
- Key points
The aim was to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l) and comorbidity in immigrants.
Vitamin D deficiency was common in Somali women living in Sweden, 73%, but comorbidity of hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, fractures and use of medications was low.
Both mental, and especially physical, Health-Related Quality of Life were lower in the Somali women than in native Swedish women.
The effects of long-lasting deficiency are unknown.
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Details
1 Angered Primary Health Care Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden;
2 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
3 Brämhult Primary Health Care Centre, Borås, Sweden;
4 Department of Geriatric Medicine, South Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden;
5 Cleopatra Medical Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden;
6 Department of Medicine, South Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden;
7 Section for Endocrinology, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden