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© 2019. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Enhanced aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is referred to as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The chemical composition, microphysical properties, and climate effects of aerosols in the ATAL have been the subject of discussion over the past decade. In this work, we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model at a relatively fine grid resolution (about 1.1×1.1) to numerically simulate the emissions, chemistry, and transport of aerosols and their precursors in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone during the years 2010–2012. We find a pronounced maximum of aerosol extinction in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau, which to a large extent is caused by mineral dust emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope areas, lofted to an altitude of at least 10 km, and accumulating within the anticyclonic circulation. We also find that the emissions and convection of ammonia in the central main body of the Tibetan Plateau make a great contribution to the enhancement of gas-phase NH3 in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau and ASM anticyclone region. Our simulations show that mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water dominate aerosol extinction in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone. Due to shielding of high background sulfate concentrations outside the anticyclone from volcanoes, a relative minimum of aerosol extinction within the anticyclone in the lower stratosphere is simulated, being most pronounced in 2011, when the Nabro eruption occurred. In contrast to mineral dust and nitrate concentrations, sulfate increases with increasing altitude due to the larger volcano effects in the lower stratosphere compared to the upper troposphere. Our study indicates that the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau can act as a well-defined conduit for natural and anthropogenic gases and aerosols into the stratosphere.

Details

Title
Modeling the aerosol chemical composition of the tropopause over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon
Author
Ma, Jianzhong 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Brühl, Christoph 2 ; He, Qianshan 3 ; Steil, Benedikt 2 ; Karydis, Vlassis A 4 ; Klingmüller, Klaus 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tost, Holger 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chen, Bin 6 ; Jin, Yufang 6 ; Liu, Ningwei 1 ; Xu, Xiangde 1 ; Peng, Yan 7 ; Zhou, Xiuji 1 ; Abdelrahman, Kamal 8 ; Pozzer, Andrea 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lelieveld, Jos 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China 
 Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, Mainz, Germany 
 Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 201199, China 
 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8, Jülich, Germany 
 Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany 
 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 
 CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing, 100081, China 
 Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 
 Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, Mainz, Germany; Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus 
Pages
11587-11612
Publication year
2019
Publication date
2019
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
ISSN
16807316
e-ISSN
16807324
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2289218174
Copyright
© 2019. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.