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Abstract
El gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) es una importante plaga del maíz en Colombia. Conocer su fluctuación poblacional en plantas genéticamente modificadas permite implementar planes de monitoreo y acciones de manejo oportunas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la fluctuación poblacional de S. frugiperda durante los años 2014 a 2016 en los híbridos 30F35R y 30F35HR (modificado genéticamente con la endotoxina Cry1F) en el Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. Con el número de larvas por metro lineal se realizaron acumulaciones en cinco períodos de cultivo hasta los 20, 40, 60, 80 y 104 días después de emergencia por año y por híbrido. Los resultados se compararon estadísticamente mediante modelos lineales mixtos. Por otro lado, se calcularon dos variable dicotómicas que miden la presencia de larvas y daño. Con los indicadores de presencia (uno) y ausencia (cero), fue construido un modelo de predicción logístico longitudinal. Se registró mayor acumulación de larvas en el híbrido 30F35R (6.79±0.20), sin embargo, el genotipo genéticamente modificado con Cry1F 30F35HR también registró la presencia de larvas (4.24±0.20), deduciendo que la endotoxina no ejerció un control total sobre las poblaciones. La etapa vegetativa presentó mayor población de larvas que, de no manejarse, se pueden presentar áreas con daño en un 52% y 72% de las plantas en el híbrido con y sin Cry1F respectivamente. Esto sugiere que, si las áreas de refugio y estrategias tal como un monitoreo de plagas no son establecidas, estos insectos podrían generar un alta resistencia a las plantas con la endotoxina Cry1F.
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is an important harmful pest for corn crops in Colombia. Knowing its population’s fluctuation regarding genetically modified plants allows the implementation of monitoring plans and time-effective management actions. The objective of this study was to establish the population’s fluctuation of S. frugiperda during 2014-2016 in the hybrids 30F35R and 30F35HR (genetically modified with the Cry1F endotoxin) in El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. Accumulations in five growing cycles were carried out until 20, 40, 60, 80, and 104 days with the number of larvae per linear meter after emergence per year and per hybrid. Results were compared statistically using linear mixed models. On the other hand, two dummy variables that reckon the presence of larvae and damage were calculated. With the indicators of presence (one) and absence (zero), a longitudinal logistic prediction model was constructed. Larger accumulation of larvae was registered in the hybrid 30F35R (6.79±0.20); however, the genetically modified genotype 30F35HR also registered the presence of larvae (4.24±0.20), inferring that the endotoxin did not exercise total control over the populations. The vegetative stage showed a higher larval population. However, when this stage is not managed, the crop can show damage up to 52% and 72% in hybrid plants with and without Cry1F, respectively. This behavior suggests that if refuge areas and strategies such as pest monitoring are not established, these insects could generate higher resistances to the plants with the endotoxin Cry1F.
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