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Abstract
Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.
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1 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
2 Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
3 Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
4 USDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
5 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
6 Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
7 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
8 Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
9 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
10 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
11 University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL, USA
12 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
13 Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
14 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
15 Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
16 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
17 Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
18 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
19 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
20 INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, Bariloche, Argentina
21 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
22 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
23 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
24 Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
25 Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
26 Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
27 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
28 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
29 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Claytion, VIC, Australia
30 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
31 CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, WA, Australia
32 Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
33 National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India; School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
34 Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina