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© 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Cystoscopy is an effective but invasive tool to detect bladder cancer tumors. [...]it has a low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ (Tis) and tumors can still be missed because effectiveness is operator-dependent, especially for the detection of recurrence [4]. The bladder tumor antigen (BTA) tests detect complement factor H-related protein, that is found in bladder cancer cell lines, using an immunoassay. False positives are seen during infection or inflammation and there is a poor sensitivity in T2 bladder cancers. [...]interobserver variability exists; trained cytopathologists are therefore necessary [23]. (2013) also found that epidermal growth factor (ProEGF) was significantly decreased in bladder cancer patients, whereas serum amyloid A4 (SAA4) was significantly increased, when comparing hernia and bladder cancer patients [44].

Details

Title
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles
Author
Oeyen, Eline; Hoekx, Lucien; De Wachter, Stefan; Baldewijns, Marcella; Ameye, Filip; Mertens, Inge
Publication year
2019
Publication date
2019
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
16616596
e-ISSN
14220067
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2332039730
Copyright
© 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.