Abstract
[1] The major reported risk factors are female gender (male-to-female ratio = 1:4), diabetes mellitus, and urological comorbidity (hydronephrosis, urinary tract obstruction, and neurogenic bladder). According to the presence of gas in the kidneys and surrounding areas, Huang and Tseng classified EPN in four categories based on the extent of gas on computed tomography (CT). Hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus tests were negative, and parameters of liver function were within the normal range.
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Details
1 Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Civico and Di Cristina Hospital, Palermo
2 Department of Radiology, Civico and Di Cristina Hospital, Palermo