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Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation of aboveground plant production is usually assumed to occur in tropical regions but rarely elsewhere. Here we report that such P limitation is more widespread and much stronger than previously estimated. In our global meta-analysis, almost half (46.2%) of 652 P-addition field experiments reveal a significant P limitation on aboveground plant production. Globally, P additions increase aboveground plant production by 34.9% in natural terrestrial ecosystems, which is 7.0–15.9% higher than previously suggested. In croplands, by contrast, P additions increase aboveground plant production by only 13.9%, probably because of historical fertilizations. The magnitude of P limitation also differs among climate zones and regions, and is driven by climate, ecosystem properties, and fertilization regimes. In addition to confirming that P limitation is widespread in tropical regions, our study demonstrates that P limitation often occurs in other regions. This suggests that previous studies have underestimated the importance of altered P supply on aboveground plant production in natural terrestrial ecosystems.
Plants are thought to be limited by phosphorus (P) especially in tropical regions. Here, Hou et al. report a meta-analysis of P fertilization experiments to show widespread P limitation on plant growth across terrestrial ecosystems modulated by climate, ecosystem properties, and fertilization regimes
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1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.458495.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1014 7864); Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center of Plant Ecology, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309); Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, USA (GRID:grid.261120.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8040)
2 Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, USA (GRID:grid.261120.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8040)
3 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.458495.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1014 7864); Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center of Plant Ecology, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309)
4 Griffith University, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Nathan, Australia (GRID:grid.1022.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0437 5432)