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Abstract
Contemporary theories propose that dysregulation of emotional perception is involved in the aetiology of psychosis. 298 healthy adolescents were assessed at age 14- and 19-years using fMRI while performing a facial emotion task. Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were assessed with the CAPE-42 questionnaire at age 19. The high PLEs group at age 19 years exhibited an enhanced response in right insular cortex and decreased response in right prefrontal, right parahippocampal and left striatal regions; also, a gradient of decreasing response to emotional faces with age, from 14 to 19 years, in the right parahippocampal region and left insular cortical area. The right insula demonstrated an increasing response to emotional faces with increasing age in the low PLEs group, and a decreasing response over time in the high PLEs group. The change in parahippocampal/amygdala and insula responses during the perception of emotional faces in adolescents with high PLEs between the ages of 14 and 19 suggests a potential ‘aberrant’ neurodevelopmental trajectory for critical limbic areas. Our findings emphasize the role of the frontal and limbic areas in the aetiology of psychotic symptoms, in subjects without the illness phenotype and the confounds introduced by antipsychotic medication.
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1 Cognition Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764)
2 Cognition Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764)
3 Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764)
4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (GRID:grid.413757.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 2235)
5 Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705)
6 Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 3484)
7 Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764); Medical Research Council, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c)
8 Heidelberg University, Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (GRID:grid.7700.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 4373); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (GRID:grid.5601.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0943 599X)
9 Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (GRID:grid.460789.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4910 6535)
10 University of Vermont, Burlington, Department of Psychiatry, Vermont, USA (GRID:grid.59062.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7689); University of Vermont, Burlington, Department of Psychology, Vermont, USA (GRID:grid.59062.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7689)
11 University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868)
12 Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Berlin, Germany (GRID:grid.6363.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2218 4662)
13 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany (GRID:grid.4764.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2186 1887)
14 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neuroimaging & Psychiatry, University Paris Sud – Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (GRID:grid.4764.1); Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France (GRID:grid.411784.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0274 3893)
15 University Paris Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neuroimaging & Psychiatry, DIGITEO Labs, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (GRID:grid.460789.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4910 6535); Psychiatry Department, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France (GRID:grid.460789.4)
16 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (GRID:grid.413757.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 2235); Heidelberg University, Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (GRID:grid.7700.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 4373)
17 University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
18 University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Göttingen, Germany (GRID:grid.411984.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0482 5331); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.22937.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9259 8492)
19 Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Centre, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.4488.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2111 7257)
20 School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705)
21 Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764)
22 Cognition Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764)