Abstract
Indole alkaloids extract (IAAS) was prepared from leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., an evergreen tropical plant widely distributed throughout the world. This plant has been used historically by the Dai ethnic people of China to treat respiratory diseases. This study evaluated the genotoxicity and safety pharmacology of IAAS to support clinical use. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) test were performed to evaluate genotoxicity. Mice were administered IAAS (240, 480, or 960 mg/kg bw) once orally to observe adverse central nervous system effects. Furthermore, beagle dogs were administered IAAS (10, 30, 60 mg/kg bw) once via the duodenum to evaluate its effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. IAAS with or without S9-induced metabolic activation showed no genotoxicity in the Ames test up to 500 μg/plate, in the mammalian chromosomal aberration test up to 710 μg/mL, or in the MN test up to 800 mg/kg bw. No abnormal neurobehavioral effects were observed in mice following treatment with up to 960 mg/kg bw of IAAS. Moreover, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram parameters, and depth and rate of breathing in anesthetized beagle dogs did not differ among the IAAS doses or from the vehicle group. These data indicated that IAAS did not induce mutagenicity, clastogenicity, or genotoxicity, and no pharmaco-toxicological effects were observed in the respiratory, cardiovascular, or central nervous systems. Our results increased understanding of safety considerations associated with IAAS, and may indicate that IAAS is a possible drug candidate.
Graphic Abstract
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1 Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309); Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.440773.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 9342 2456)
2 Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.440773.3)
3 Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.440773.3); Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.440773.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 9342 2456)
4 Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.452522.6)
5 Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.452522.6)