Abstract

Acanthamoeba, a genus that contains at least 24 species of free-living protozoa, is ubiquitous in nature. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba infections is always very difficult and not always effective. More effective drugs must be developed, and medicinal plants may have a pivotal part in the future of drug discovery. Our research focused on investigating the in vitro anti- acanthamoebic potential of Leea indica and its constituent gallic acid in different concentrations. Water and butanol fractions exhibited significant amoebicidal activity against trophozoites and cysts. Gallic acid (100 µg/mL) revealed 83% inhibition of trophozoites and 69% inhibition of cysts. The butanol fraction induced apoptosis in trophozoites, which was observed using tunnel assay. The cytotoxicity of the fractions and gallic acid was investigated against MRC-5 and no adverse effects were observed. Gallic acid was successfully loaded within poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with 82.86% encapsulation efficiency, while gallic acid showed 98.24% in vitro release at 48 hours. Moreover, the gallic acid encapsulated in the PLGA nanoparticles exhibited 90% inhibition against trophozoites. In addition, gallic acid encapsulated nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity towards MRC-5 compared to gallic acid, which evidenced that natural product nanoencapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles could play an important role in the delivery of natural products.

Details

Title
PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Gallic acid- a constituent of Leea indica against Acanthamoeba triangularis
Author
Mahboob Tooba 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nawaz Muhammad 2 ; de Lourdes Pereira Maria 3 ; Tian-Chye Tan 4 ; Chandramathi, Samudi 5 ; Sekaran Shamala Devi 6 ; Wiart Christophe 7 ; Veeranoot, Nissapatorn 8 

1  University of Malaya, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.10347.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 5949); University of Malaya, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.10347.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 5949) 
2  Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Dammam, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.411975.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0607 035X) 
3  University of Aveiro, Department of Medical Sciences & CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Aveiro, Portugal (GRID:grid.7311.4) (ISNI:0000000123236065) 
4  University of Malaya, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.10347.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 5949) 
5  University of Malaya, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.10347.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 5949) 
6  MAHSA University, Saujana Putra Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia (GRID:grid.459705.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0366 8575) 
7  Nottingham University Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, School of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.440435.2) 
8  University of Malaya, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.10347.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 5949); Walailak University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Nakhon Si, Thailand (GRID:grid.412867.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0043 6347); Walailak University, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Nakhon Si, Thailand (GRID:grid.412867.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0043 6347) 
Publication year
2020
Publication date
2020
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65728-0
ProQuest document ID
2408811996
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.