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Abstract
There are few studies assessing pre-hypertension and an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and their combined effects on the cancer risk. We investigated the impact of pre-hypertension on cancer risk and IFG, and their combined effects on the cancer risk. This study included 371,762 subjects (≥40 years) who had never been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cancer before. During a mean follow-up of 10.06 ± 1.86 years, 35,605 (9.58%) of the subjects developed cancer. In men only, cancer risk was significantly increased with an increase in the blood pressure (BP) (P for trend < 0.001), and were increased in the hypertension range, but not the pre-hypertension range. When analyzing the combination effect of BP and fasting glucose, cancer risks were serially increased with an increase in the fasting glucose in a dose-dependent manner, but not with an increase in BP. These results were more consistently significant in the never-smoker and non-alcohol drinking groups. However, in women, there was no significant difference. In conclusions, increased BP status or the fasting serum glucose level status were associated with cancer risk in men. Furthermore, the combination of both pre-hypertension and IFG also was associated with a cancer risk in men.
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1 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)
2 Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Clinical Trial Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754); Ewha Womans University, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754)
3 Brown University, Program in Liberal Medical Education, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, United States (GRID:grid.40263.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9094)
4 Ewha Womans University, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754)
5 Ewha Womans University, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754)
6 Ewha Womans University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754)
7 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)
8 Ewha Womans University, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754); Ewha Womans University, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255649.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7754)