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Abstract
Identification of a suitable nonhuman primate (NHP) model of COVID-19 remains challenging. Here, we characterized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in three NHP species: Old World monkeys Macaca mulatta (M. mulatta) and Macaca fascicularis (M. fascicularis) and New World monkey Callithrix jacchus (C. jacchus). Infected M. mulatta and M. fascicularis showed abnormal chest radiographs, an increased body temperature and a decreased body weight. Viral genomes were detected in swab and blood samples from all animals. Viral load was detected in the pulmonary tissues of M. mulatta and M. fascicularis but not C. jacchus. Furthermore, among the three animal species, M. mulatta showed the strongest response to SARS-CoV-2, including increased inflammatory cytokine expression and pathological changes in the pulmonary tissues. Collectively, these data revealed the different susceptibilities of Old World and New World monkeys to SARS-CoV-2 and identified M. mulatta as the most suitable for modeling COVID-19.
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Details
1 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan, China (GRID:grid.506261.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0706 7839); Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.506261.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0706 7839)
2 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan, China (GRID:grid.506261.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0706 7839)
3 Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.506261.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0706 7839)
4 Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.198530.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8803 2373)