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© 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background

Accumulating data have suggested seizures occur frequently in patients with neuronal surface antibody‐mediated autoimmune encephalitis. We aimed to evaluate seizure outcomes and potential factors associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1), and anti‐gamma‐aminobutyric‐acid B receptor (GABABR) encephalitis.

Methods

Patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis were prospectively recruited from 2014 to June 2019, with a median follow‐up period of 30.5 months (range 8–67 months). Seizure outcomes were assessed and risk factors of epilepsy were analyzed.

Results

A total of 119 patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis were included, and 83 (69.7%) of them developed new‐onset seizures. By the end of follow‐up, 17 (21.3%) of 80 patients had seizure relapses after intermittent seizure remission or exhibited uncontrolled seizure episodes, contributing to epilepsy. Immunotherapy delay and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were identified to be associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis, particularly anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that immunotherapy delay was an independent predictor for epilepsy.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that immunotherapy delay and IEDs were associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABABR encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment were required, and particular consideration should be given to patients with these risk factors.

Details

Title
Seizures and risk of epilepsy in anti‐NMDAR, anti‐LGI1, and anti‐GABA B R encephalitis
Author
Chun‐Hong Shen 1 ; Gao‐Li Fang 1 ; Yang, Fan 1 ; Meng‐Ting Cai 2 ; Yang, Zheng 1 ; Fang, Wei 3 ; Guo, Yi 1 ; Yin‐Xi Zhang 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mei‐Ping Ding 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 
 Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China 
 Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China 
Pages
1392-1399
Section
Research Articles
Publication year
2020
Publication date
Aug 2020
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
e-ISSN
23289503
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2437049306
Copyright
© 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.