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Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main actor of wine fermentation but at present, still little is known about the factors impacting its distribution in the vineyards. In this study, 23 vineyards and 7 cellars were sampled over 2 consecutive years in the Bordeaux and Bergerac regions. The impact of geography and farming system and the relation between grape and vat populations were evaluated using a collection of 1374 S. cerevisiae merlot grape isolates and 289 vat isolates analyzed at 17 microsatellites loci. A very high genetic diversity of S. cerevisiae strains was obtained from grape samples, higher in conventional farming system than in organic one. The geographic appellation and the wine estate significantly impact the S. cerevisiae population structure, whereas the type of farming system has a weak global effect. When comparing cellar and vineyard populations, we evidenced the tight connection between the two compartments, based on the high proportion of grape isolates (25%) related to the commercial starters used in the cellar and on the estimation of bidirectional geneflows between the vineyard and the cellar compartments.
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Details
1 UR Oenologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (GRID:grid.412041.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 639X)
2 UR Oenologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (GRID:grid.412041.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 639X); INRAE, Villenave d’Ornon, France (GRID:grid.507621.7)
3 UR Oenologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (GRID:grid.412041.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 639X); ENSCBP, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France (GRID:grid.424725.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1781 203X)
4 UMR Biodiversité Gènes et Ecosystèmes, Plateforme Génomique, INRAE, Cestas, France (GRID:grid.507621.7)
5 SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France (GRID:grid.503407.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0445 8043)
6 UR Oenologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (GRID:grid.412041.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 639X); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, France (GRID:grid.434203.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0659 4135)