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Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy in Egypt, thus reliable methodologies are required for screening and early detection. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression of a Schistosoma hematobium specific microRNA “Sha-miR-71a” and mitogen-associated protein kinase-3 (MAPK-3) in the urine samples of 50 bladder cancer patients and 50 patients with benign bilharzial cystitis. Fifty control subjects were also tested. Indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) diagnosed 70% of studied cancer cases as bilharzial associated bladder cancer (BBC), while histopathological examination detected only 18%. Urinary Sha-miR-71a & MAPK-3 revealed enhanced expression in BBC (p-value = 0.001) compared to non-bilharzial bladder cancer (NBBC) cases. Patients with chronic bilharzial cystitis exhibited a significant increase in gene expression compared to those with acute infection (p-value = 0.001). Sha-miR-71a and MAPK-3 showed good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of BBC when analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. They were also prognostic regarding malignancy grade. Both biomarkers showed a positive correlation. Our results revealed that IHA is a reliable test in the diagnosis of bilharziasis associated with bladder cancer, and that Sha-miR-71a and MAPK-3 provide non-invasive specific biomarkers to diagnose BBC, as well as a potential role in testing bilharzial patients for risk to develop cancer.
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1 Helwan University, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9853 2750)
2 Helwan University, Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9853 2750)
3 Ain Shams University, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.7269.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0621 1570)
4 Ain Shams University, Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.7269.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0621 1570)
5 Helwan University, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9853 2750)
6 National Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Urology Department, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d)
7 Helwan University, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9853 2750)