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Abstract
The study of companion (pet) dogs is an area of great translational potential, as they share a risk for many conditions that afflict humans. Among these are conditions that affect sleep, including chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction. Significant advancements have occurred in the ability to study sleep in dogs, including development of non-invasive polysomnography; however, basic understanding of dog sleep patterns remains poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline sleep–wake cycle and activity patterns using actigraphy and functional linear modeling (FLM), for healthy, adult companion dogs. Forty-two dogs were enrolled and wore activity monitors for 14 days. FLM demonstrated a bimodal pattern of activity with significant effects of sex, body mass, and age; the effect of age was particularly evident during the times of peak activity. This study demonstrated that FLM can be used to describe normal sleep–wake cycles of healthy adult dogs and the effects of physiologic traits on these patterns of activity. This foundation makes it possible to characterize deviations from normal patterns, including those associated with chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction syndrome. This can improve detection of these conditions in dogs, benefitting them and their potential as models for human disease.
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Details
1 North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074)
2 University of Toronto, Department of Anthropology, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
3 University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Anthropology, Mississauga, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
4 North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); North Carolina State University, Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); North Carolina State University, Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); North Carolina State University, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); UNC School of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Centre, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000000122483208); Duke University, Department of Anaesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Research, Durham, USA (GRID:grid.26009.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7961)
5 North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); North Carolina State University, Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074); North Carolina State University, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA (GRID:grid.40803.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 6074)