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Abstract
Investigations of plasma amino acids in early psychosis and their unaffected siblings are rare. We measured plasma amino acids involved in the co-activation of dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients (n = 166), unaffected siblings (n = 76), and community-based controls (n = 166) included in a cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of glutamic acid (GLU), glutamine, glycine, proline (PRO), tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, serine and GABA were quantified by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used the generalized linear model adjusted by sex, age, and body mass index for group comparison and paired t-test for FEP-Sibling pairs. FEP had reduced GABA plasma levels compared to siblings and controls (p < 0.05 for both). Siblings had lower GLU, Glx and PRO (p < 0.05 for all) but increased TRP compared to patients and controls (p < 0.05 for both). FEP patients with longer duration of pharmacological treatment and medicated only with antipsychotics had increased GLU compared to FEP with shorter periods, or with those treated with a combination of medications (p < 0.05 for both). Finally, FEP patients treated only with antipsychotics presented higher Glx compared to those with mixed medications (p = 0.026). Our study suggests that FEP have low a GABA plasma profile. Unaffected siblings may be a possible risk group for metabolic abnormalities.
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1 University of São Paulo, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722); Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38); University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
2 University of São Paulo, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
3 University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722); University of São Paulo, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
4 Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38); University of São Paulo, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
5 Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Salford, UK (GRID:grid.412346.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0237 2025)
6 University of São Paulo, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722); University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
7 State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Londrina, Brazil (GRID:grid.411400.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2193 3537)
8 University of São Paulo, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
9 Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38); University of São Paulo, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)