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Abstract
Malaysia is a country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. As the country moves toward hepatitis B and C elimination, population-based estimates are necessary to understand the burden of hepatitis B and C for evidence-based policy-making. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Malaysia. A total of 1458 participants were randomly selected from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged 35 to 70 years between 2006 and 2012. All blood samples were tested for hepatitis B and C markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Those reactive for hepatitis C were further tested for HCV RNA genotyping. The sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities were used to evaluate their associated risk factors. Descriptive analysis and multivariable analysis were done using Stata 14. From the samples tested, 4% were positive for HBsAg (95% CI 2.7–4.7), 20% were positive for anti-HBc (95% CI 17.6–21.9) and 0.3% were positive for anti-HCV (95% CI 0.1–0.7). Two of the five participants who were reactive for anti-HCV had the HCV genotype 1a and 3a. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Malaysia is low and intermediate, respectively. This population-based study could facilitate the planning and evaluation of the hepatitis B and C control program in Malaysia.
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1 Ministry of Health Malaysia, Evidence-Based Healthcare Sector, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255); Ministry of Health Malaysia, Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255)
2 Ministry of Health Malaysia, Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255)
3 Ministry of Health Malaysia, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255)
4 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557)
5 Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia (GRID:grid.452819.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0411 5999)
6 Ministry of Health Malaysia, Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255); Ministry of Health Malaysia, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia (GRID:grid.415759.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0690 5255)