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Abstract
Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biphasic [Ca2+]c-increase composed of a fast-transient [Ca2+]c-increase followed by a slow [Ca2+]c-increase was observed. We find here a novel type [Ca2+]c-increase, designated a very slow [Ca2+]c-increase that is observed when the seedlings were rotated back to the upright position from the upside-down position. The very slow [Ca2+]c-increase was strongly attenuated in knockout seedlings defective in MCA1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel (MSCC), and was partially restored in MCA1-complemented seedlings. The mechanosensitive ion channel blocker, gadolinium, blocked the very slow [Ca2+]c-increase. This is the first report suggesting the possible involvement of MCA1 in an early event related to gravity sensing in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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1 Tokyo Gakugei University, Department of Biology, Koganei, Japan (GRID:grid.412776.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0720 5963); Tokyo University of Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Noda, Japan (GRID:grid.143643.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0660 6861); Kanazawa University, Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan (GRID:grid.9707.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 3329)
2 Hagoromo University of International Studies, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Sakai, Japan (GRID:grid.448955.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8889 9938)
3 Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya, Japan (GRID:grid.27476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 0943 978X)
4 Tokyo Gakugei University, Department of Biology, Koganei, Japan (GRID:grid.412776.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0720 5963)
5 Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Applied Bioscience, Hakusan, Japan (GRID:grid.444537.5)