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Abstract
This study investigates the removal of Pb(II) using polymer matrix membranes, cellulose acetate/vinyl triethoxysilane modified graphene oxide and gum Arabic (GuA) membranes. These complexation-NF membranes were successfully synthesized via dissolution casting method for better transport phenomenon. The varied concentrations of GuA were induced in the polymer matrix membrane. The prepared membranes M-GuA2–M-GuA10 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope and bio-fouling studies. Thermal stability of the membranes was determined by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere. Dead end nanofiltration was carried out to study the perm- selectivity of all the membranes under varied pressure and concentration of Pb(NO3)2. The complexation-NF membrane performances were significantly improved after the addition of GuA in the polymer matrix membrane system. M-GuA8 membrane showed optimum result of permeation flux 8.6 l m−2 h−1. Rejection of Pb(II) ions was observed to be around 97.6% at pH 9 for all the membranes due to electrostatic interaction between CA and Gum Arabic. Moreover, with the passage of time, the rate of adsorption was also increased up to 15.7 mg g−1 until steady state was attained. Gum Arabic modified CA membranes can open up new possibilities in enhancing the permeability, hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties.
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Details
1 University of the Punjab, Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (GRID:grid.11173.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 519X)
2 University of the Punjab, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (GRID:grid.11173.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 519X)
3 Bina Nusantara University, Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Jakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.440753.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0644 6185)
4 University of Southampton, Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Southampton, UK (GRID:grid.5491.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9297)
5 University of Southampton, Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Engineering Sciences, Southampton, UK (GRID:grid.5491.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9297)