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Copyright © 2021 Charles Elias Assmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) is ubiquitously present in the environment and known to be a neurotoxin for humans. The trivalent free Al anion (Al3+) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), accumulate in the brain, and elicit harmful effects to the central nervous system (CNS) cells. Thus, evidence has suggested that Al increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Purinergic signaling has been shown to play a role in several neurological conditions as it can modulate the functioning of several cell types, such as microglial cells, the main resident immune cells of the CNS. However, Al effects on microglial cells and the role of the purinergic system remain elusive. Based on this background, this study is aimed at assessing the modulation of Al on purinergic system parameters of microglial cells. An in vitro study was performed using brain microglial cells exposed to Al chloride (AlCl3) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 96 h. The uptake of Al, metabolism of nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) and nucleoside (adenosine), and the gene expression and protein density of purinoceptors were investigated. The results showed that both Al and LPS increased the breakdown of adenosine, whereas they decreased nucleotide hydrolysis. Furthermore, the findings revealed that both Al and LPS triggered an increase in gene expression and protein density of P2X7R and A2AR receptors, whereas reduced the A1R receptor expression and density. Taken together, the results showed that Al and LPS altered the setup of the purinergic system of microglial cells. Thus, this study provides new insights into the involvement of the purinergic system in the mechanisms underlying Al toxicity in microglial cells.

Details

Title
Aluminum-Induced Alterations in Purinergic System Parameters of BV-2 Brain Microglial Cells
Author
Charles Elias Assmann 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro 1 ; Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra Weis 2 ; Karine Paula Reichert 1 ; Audrei de Oliveira Alves 3 ; Miron, Vanessa Valéria 1 ; Bagatini, Margarete Dulce 4 ; Taís Vidal Palma 1 ; Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade 1 ; Micheli Mainardi Pillat 5 ; Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho 6 ; Cristina Ruedell Reschke 7 ; Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz 8 ; Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger 1 ; Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 
 Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 
 Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 
 Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil 
 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 
 Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 
 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland 
 Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 
Editor
Peirong Jiao
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISSN
23148861
e-ISSN
23147156
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2484137003
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 Charles Elias Assmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/