It appears you don't have support to open PDFs in this web browser. To view this file, Open with your PDF reader
Abstract
Abstract
The absence of a global standard for drought assessment has led to inconsistencies in observational methods. This study explores recent advancements in merging techniques to enhance drought monitoring, develop more reliable indices, and introduce a weighting scheme for integrating four variables, extending existing methodologies for improved drought assessment. To achieve this, we analyzed three standardized drought indices (SPI, SPTI, and SPEI) across six northern regions of Pakistan from 1971 to 2017. We introduced Tolerance Merged Collocation (TMC) and integrated it with Modified Triple Collocation (MTC) and Scaled Triple Collocation (STC), extending these techniques to accommodate four variables for a more comprehensive drought evaluation. The effectiveness of the Merged Drought Indices (MDI) was assessed using Exploratory analysis, Taylor diagrams, Sen’s slope, Feature Similarity Index (FSI), Index of Agreement (IOA), d2 statistics, Target Diagrams, and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). This study validates that the TMC-based MDI provides a more effective quantitative approach for consolidating multiple drought indices. Furthermore, the introduction of a novel weighting scheme and the extension of existing techniques to four variables enhance the precision and reliability of drought assessment, ensuring a more robust framework for future research and real-time monitoring.
You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer
Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES FOR AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Your use of the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in your Electronic Products License Agreement and by using the translation functionality you agree to forgo any and all claims against ProQuest or its licensors for your use of the translation functionality and any output derived there from. Hide full disclaimer
Details
1 a Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
2 b State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
3 c Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Arts (Muhyil), King Khalid University , Muhyil , Saudi Arabia
4 a Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan, b State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
5 d Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Arts (Majardah), King Khalid University , Magardah , Saudi Arabia
6 e Mathematics Department, College of Humanities and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , Saudi Arabia
7 f Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Albaydha University , Albaydha , Yemen