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Abstract
The present study focused on the synthesis of copper hydroxide nanowires decorated on activated carbon (Cu(OH)2-NWs-PVA-AC). The obtained Cu(OH)2-NWs-PVA-AC Nano-composite was distinguished by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, FTIR and XPS respectively. Besides, different variables such as solution pH, and initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature were performed on the adsorption efficiency of MB in a small batch reactor. Further, the experimental results are analyzed by various kinetic models via PFO, PSO, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich models, and the results revealed that among the kinetic models, PSO shows more suitability. In addition, different adsorption isotherms were applied to the obtained experimental data and found that Langmuir–Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were best fits with the maximum adsorption capacity of 139.9 and 107.6 mg/g, respectively. The Nano-composite has outstanding MB removal efficiency of 94–98.5% with a span of 10 min. and decent adsorption of about 98.5% at a pH of 10. Thermodynamic constants like Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy were analyzed from the temperature reliance. The results reveal the adsorption processes are spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The high negative value of ΔG° (− 44.11 to − 48.86 kJ/mol) and a low negative value of ΔH° (− 28.96 kJ/mol) show the feasibility and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The synthesized dye was found to be an efficient adsorbent for the potential removal of cationic dye (methylene blue) from wastewater within a short time.
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1 Chulalongkorn University, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875); Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875)
2 Northern Technical University, Building and Construction Technology Engineering, Mosul, Iraq (GRID:grid.7922.e)
3 Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Department of Biotechnology, Roorkee, India (GRID:grid.19003.3b) (ISNI:0000 0000 9429 752X)
4 PACE Institute of Technology & Sciences, Department of Chemistry (H & S), Ongole, India (GRID:grid.19003.3b)
5 MJIIT- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology (EGT), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (GRID:grid.410877.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2296 1505)
6 FST, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Geology Program, School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Bangi, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557)