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Abstract
High lead (Pb) concentration in soils is becoming a severe threat to human health. It also deteriorates plants, growth, yield and quality of food. Although the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), biochar and compost can be effective environment-friendly amendments for decreasing Pb stress in crop plants, the impacts of their simultaneous co-application has not been well documented. Thus current study was carried, was conducted to investigate the role of rhizobacteria and compost mixed biochar (CB) under Pb stress on selected soil properties and agronomic parameters in mint (Mentha piperita L.) plants. To this end, six treatments were studied: Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, CB, PGPR1 + CB, PGPR2 + CB and control. Results showed that the application A. faecalis + CB significantly decreased soil pH and EC over control. However, OM, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration were significantly improved in the soil where A. faecalis + CB was applied over control. The A. faecalis + CB treatment significantly improved mint plant root dry weight (58%), leaves dry weight (32%), chlorophyll (37%), and N (46%), P (39%) and K (63%) leave concentration, while also decreasing the leaves Pb uptake by 13.5% when compared to the unamended control. In conclusion, A. faecalis + CB has a greater potential to improve overall soil quality, fertility and mint plant productivity under high Pb soil concentration compared to the sole application of CB and A. faecalis.
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1 Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Multan, Pakistan (GRID:grid.411501.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0228 333X)
2 Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Multan, Pakistan (GRID:grid.411501.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0228 333X)
3 Gomal University, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan (GRID:grid.411749.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0221 6962)
4 The University of Haripur, Department of Agronomy, Haripur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.467118.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 4660 5283)
5 Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Brno, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.7112.5) (ISNI:0000000122191520); Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.4994.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0118 0988)
6 Fatima Agri Sales and Services, Department of Technical Services, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.4994.0)
7 Cornell University, Department of Animal Sciences, Ithaca, USA (GRID:grid.5386.8) (ISNI:000000041936877X)
8 Mendel University in Brno, Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.7112.5) (ISNI:0000000122191520)