Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants

Abstract

¹³⁷Cs is a long-lived (30-year radioactive half-life) fission product dispersed globally by mid-20th century atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Here we show that vegetation thousands of kilometers from testing sites continues to cycle ¹³⁷Cs because it mimics potassium, and consequently, bees magnify this radionuclide in honey. There were no atmospheric weapons tests in the eastern United States, but most honey here has detectable ¹³⁷Cs at >0.03 Bq kg⁻¹, and in the southeastern U.S., activities can be >500 times higher. By measuring honey, we show regional patterns in the biogeochemical cycling of ¹³⁷Cs and conclude that plants and animals receive disproportionally high exposure to ionizing radiation from ¹³⁷Cs in low potassium soils. In several cases, the presence of ¹³⁷Cs more than doubled the ionizing radiation from gamma and x-rays in the honey, indicating that despite its radioactive half-life, the environmental legacy of regional ¹³⁷Cs pollution can persist for more than six decades.

Radioactive ¹³⁷Cs is a fission product remaining in the environment from mid-20th century nuclear testing. Here the authors show that vegetation thousands of kilometers from testing sites continues to cycle ¹³⁷Cs, and consequently, bees magnify this contaminant in honey in regions with low soil potassium.