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Abstract
Although awareness of side effects over the course of psychotherapy is growing, side effects are still not always reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine side effects in a randomized controlled trial comparing Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) and a cognitive remediation training in patients with depression. 84 patients were randomized to receive either D-MCT or cognitive remediation training (MyBrainTraining) for 8 weeks. Side effects were assessed after the completion of each intervention (post) using the Short Inventory of the Assessment of Negative Effects (SIAN) and again 6 months later (follow-up) using the Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ). D-MCT and MyBrainTraining did not differ significantly in the number of side effects. At post assessment, 50% of the D-MCT group and 59% of the MyBrainTraining group reported at least one side effect in the SIAN. The most frequently reported side effect was disappointment in subjective benefit of study treatment. At follow-up, 52% reported at least one side effect related to MyBrainTraining, while 34% reported at least one side effect related to the D-MCT in the NEQ. The most frequently reported side effects fell into the categories of “symptoms” and “quality”. Our NEQ version was missing one item due to a technical error. Also, allegiance effects should be considered. The sample size resulted in low statistical power. The relatively tolerable number of side effects suggests D-MCT and MyBrainTraining are safe and well-received treatment options for people with depression. Future studies should also measure negative effects to corroborate our results.
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Details
1 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 3484); Asklepios Clinic North, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38)
2 Asklepios Clinic North, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38)
3 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 3484); Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Clinical Psychology, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38)
4 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.13648.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 3484)