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Abstract
Despite international regulation, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are routinely detected at levels threatening human and environmental health. While previous research has emphasized trophic transfer as the principle pathway for PCB accumulation, our study reveals the critical role that non-trophic interactions can play in controlling PCB bioavailability and biomagnification. In a 5-month field experiment manipulating saltmarsh macro-invertebrates, we show that suspension-feeding mussels increase concentrations of total PCBs and toxic dioxin-like coplanars by 11- and 7.5-fold in sediment and 10.5- and 9-fold in cordgrass-grazing crabs relative to no-mussel controls, but do not affect PCB bioaccumulation in algae-grazing crabs. PCB homolog composition and corroborative dietary analyses demonstrate that mussels, as ecosystem engineers, amplify sediment contamination and PCB exposure for this burrowing marsh crab through non-trophic mechanisms. We conclude that these ecosystem engineering activities and other non-trophic interactions may have cascading effects on trophic biomagnification pathways, and therefore exert strong bottom-up control on PCB biomagnification up this coastal food web.
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Details
1 University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
2 University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, Carbon Containment Lab, New Haven, USA (GRID:grid.47100.32) (ISNI:0000000419368710)
3 University of Florida, Department of Biology, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
4 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); University of Florida, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)