The use of spent coffee grounds and spent green tea leaves for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions

Abstract

This study aimed to examine sorption effectiveness of cationic dyes: Basic Red 46 (BR46) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10) onto spent coffee ground (CG) and spent green tea leaves (GTL). The scope of the study included, i.a.: sorbent FTIR spectra analysis, determination of pH effect on dye sorption effectiveness, analysis of dye sorption kinetics, and determination of maximal sorption capacity of the sorbents. The effectiveness of BR46 sorption on the sorbents tested was the highest at pH 6 and that of BV10 at pH 3. Both sorbents caused changes in solution pH during the sorption process, due to the system tending to reach the pH value approximating the pH_ZPC (pH_PZC = 7.55 for CG and pH_PZC = 7.05 for GTL). The time needed to reach BR46 and BV10 sorption equilibrium onto CG and GTL ranged from 180 to 240 min. The intramolecular diffusion model demonstrated that the sorption of cationic dyes onto CG and GTL proceeded in three phases differing in the intensity and duration. The maximal sorption capacity of CG reached 179.4 mg/g for BR46 and 59.3 mg/g for BV10. The sorption capacity of GTL was lower and reached 58.0 mg/g for BR46 and 26.7 mg/g for BV10.