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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with an estimated half a million new cases and 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. This pathology mainly affects men. Men have a higher risk (4:1) of developing bladder cancer than women. Cigarette smoking and exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, and aniline dyes have been established as risk factors for bladder cancer and may contribute to the sex disparity. Male internal genitalia, including the urothelium and prostate, are derived from urothelial sinus endoderm; both tissues express the androgen receptor (AR). Several investigations have shown evidence that the AR plays an important role in the initiation and development of different types of cancer including bladder cancer. In this article, we summarize the available data that help to explain the role of the AR in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as well as the therapies used for its treatment.

Details

Title
The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer
Author
Martínez-Rojo, Elizabeth; Berumen, Laura Cristina  VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; García-Alcocer, Guadalupe
First page
594
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
2218273X
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2528300015
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.