Physical properties and compressibility of quail eggshell nanopowder with heat treatment temperature variations

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature variations on the physical properties and the quail eggshell’s compressibility. The quail eggshells was obtained from the waste of restaurants and market traders and processed into powder form by ball milling method for 10 h and sintered at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C, a holding time of 1 h. The samples were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Pressure test for the compressibility result. The results showed that after the heat treatment process, the calcium carbonate phase (CaCO₃) was transformed into calcium oxide (CaO). The crystal size on raw material was 52.18 nm and no more than 50 nm in all heat treatment samples. Morphology of eggshells showed variations in the size and shape of grains such as round, rod, and square. Whereas the compressibility test results showed that the addition of charging to the test conducted increased the compressibility value (density). The results also showed physical properties such as pore size and grain size affected quail eggshells’ compressibility value.