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Abstract
This study investigated the association of maternal sleep before and during pregnancy with sleeping and developmental problems in 1-year-old infants. We used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which registered 103,062 pregnancies between 2011 and 2014. Participants were asked about their sleep habits prior to and during pregnancy. Follow-up assessments were conducted to evaluate the sleep habits and developmental progress of their children at the age of 1 year. Development during infancy was evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Maternal short sleep and late bedtime before and during pregnancy increased occurrence of offspring’s sleeping disturbances. For example, infants whose mothers slept for less than 6 h prior to pregnancy tended to be awake for more than 1 h (risk ratio [RR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–1.66), sleep less than 8 h during the night (RR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.44–1.79), and fall asleep at 22:00 or later (RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.26–1.40). Only subjective assessments of maternal sleep quality during pregnancy, such as very deep sleep and feeling very good when waking up, were inversely associated with abnormal ASQ scores in 1-year-old infants.
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1 Kyushu University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
2 Toho University, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.265050.4) (ISNI:0000 0000 9290 9879)
3 Kyushu University, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
4 Kyushu University, Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
5 Kyushu University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
6 Kyushu University, Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
7 University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913); University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913)
8 University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913); University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913)
9 University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913); University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913)
10 University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, Kitakyushu, Japan (GRID:grid.271052.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0374 5913)
11 Kyushu University, Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
12 Nagoya City University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (GRID:grid.260433.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0728 1069)
13 National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (GRID:grid.140139.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0746 5933)
14 National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.63906.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0377 2305)
15 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
16 Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (GRID:grid.69566.3a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2248 6943)
17 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (GRID:grid.411582.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 1017 9540)
18 Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (GRID:grid.136304.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 1101)
19 Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (GRID:grid.268441.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 1033 6139)
20 University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (GRID:grid.267500.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0291 3581)
21 University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (GRID:grid.267346.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 836X)
22 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (GRID:grid.258799.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 2033)
23 Osaka University, Suita, Japan (GRID:grid.136593.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0373 3971)
24 Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (GRID:grid.272264.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9142 153X)
25 Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (GRID:grid.265107.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 5064)
26 Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan (GRID:grid.278276.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0659 9825)
27 Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (GRID:grid.274841.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0660 6749)