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Abstract
To determine the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) and its relationship with delayed elimination communication (EC) in children. A cross-sectional study was carried out in kindergartens and primary schools in mainland China. A total of 10,166 children ranging from 4 to 10 years old were included. A total of 10,166 valid questionnaires were collected, and 409 children were diagnosed with BBD. The overall prevalence was 4.02% (409/10,166) and decreased with age, from 6.19% at age 4 to 1.96% at age 10. With the prolonged use of disposable diapers (DDs), the commencement of usage of EC in a child was significantly put off or delayed by parents, and the prevalence of BBD amongst these children increased (P < 0.001). The prevalence of BBD among children who stopped using DDs within the first 12 months and after more than 24 months was 2.79% and 4.38% respectively. Additionally, the prevalence among children who started EC within 12 months after birth and those who never engaged in EC was 1.36% and 15.71% respectively. Early introduction of EC and weaning of DD usage has a positive correlation with lower prevalence of BBD in children in China.
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Details
1 First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Department of Urology, Zhengzhou, China (GRID:grid.412633.1); First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China (GRID:grid.412633.1)
2 First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Department of Urology, Zhengzhou, China (GRID:grid.412633.1)
3 Yale University, Department of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, New Haven, USA (GRID:grid.47100.32) (ISNI:0000000419368710)
4 Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.413106.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 9889 6335)