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Abstract
Assessments of ecosystem service and function losses of wetlandscapes (i.e., wetlands and their hydrological catchments) suffer from knowledge gaps regarding impacts of ongoing hydro-climatic change. This study investigates hydro-climatic changes during 1976–2015 in 25 wetlandscapes distributed across the world’s tropical, arid, temperate and cold climate zones. Results show that the wetlandscapes were subject to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) changes consistent with mean changes over the world’s land area. However, arid and cold wetlandscapes experienced higher T increases than their respective climate zone. Also, average P decreased in arid and cold wetlandscapes, contrarily to P of arid and cold climate zones, suggesting that these wetlandscapes are located in regions of elevated climate pressures. For most wetlandscapes with available runoff (R) data, the decreases were larger in R than in P, which was attributed to aggravation of climate change impacts by enhanced evapotranspiration losses, e.g. caused by land-use changes.
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1 Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377)
2 Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377); WSP Sverige AB, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.438662.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0512 0271)
3 Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ingeniería, Medellín, Colombia (GRID:grid.440796.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0083 1304)
4 Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología, Medellín, Colombia (GRID:grid.412881.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8882 5269)
5 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.14476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2342 9668)
6 Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Geography, Hong Kong, China (GRID:grid.221309.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1764 5980)
7 Universidad del Rosario, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.412191.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2205 5940)
8 University of Florida, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
9 Federal University of Mato Grosso, Centro de Pesquisa do Pantanal and BioScience Institute, Cuiabá, Brazil (GRID:grid.411206.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 4953)
10 Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.437902.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 8856)
11 University of Kansas, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Lawrence, USA (GRID:grid.266515.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 0692)
12 Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377); Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38)
13 Ibn Zohr University, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Morocco (GRID:grid.417651.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 6183)
14 University of Greifswald, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald, Germany (GRID:grid.5603.0)
15 Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377); Navarino Environmental Observatory, Messinia, Greece (GRID:grid.10548.38)
16 University of Florida, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091)
17 Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ingeniería, Medellín, Colombia (GRID:grid.440796.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0083 1304); Universidad de San Buenaventura, Facultad de Ingeniería, Medellín, Colombia (GRID:grid.442164.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2284 7091)
18 Florida International University, Department of Earth and Environment, Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, USA (GRID:grid.65456.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2110 1845)
19 Instituto de investigaciones marinas y costeras de Colombia “José Benito Vives de Andreis”—INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia (GRID:grid.462422.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2109 9028)
20 Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.466790.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2237 7528)
21 College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Baton Rouge, USA (GRID:grid.64337.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0662 7451)
22 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Civil and Agricultural Engineering Department, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.10689.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 0286 3748)
23 Universidad de Los Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.7247.6) (ISNI:0000000419370714); Universidad Católica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.442151.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2293 7855)
24 California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA (GRID:grid.20861.3d) (ISNI:0000000107068890)
25 University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark (GRID:grid.5254.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0674 042X)
26 Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377); Utrecht University, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5477.1) (ISNI:0000000120346234)