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Abstract
Data collection of mechanical parameters from compressive tests play a fundamental role in FE modelling of bone tissues or the developing and designing of bone implants, especially referring to osteoporosis or other forms of bone loss. A total of 43 cylindrical samples (Ø8 × 16 mm) were taken from 43 freshly frozen proximal femora using a tenon cutter. All femora underwent BMD measurement and additionally apparent- and relative- and bulk density (ρapp, ρr, ρb) were determined using samples bordering the compressive specimen on the proximal and distal regions. All samples were classified as "normal", "osteopenia" and "osteoporosis" based on the DEXA measurements. Distal apparent density was most suitable for predicting bone strength and BMD. One novel aspect is the examination of the plateau stress as it describes the stress at which the failure of spongious bone progresses. No significant differences in mechanical properties (compressive modulus E; compressive stress σmax and plateau stress σp) were found between osteopenic and osteoporotic bone. The results suggest that already in the case of a known osteopenia, actions should be taken as they are applied in the case of osteoporosis A review of the literature regarding extraction and testing methods illustrates the urgent need for standardized biomechanical compressive material testing.
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1 Chemnitz University of Technology, Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz, Germany (GRID:grid.6810.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 5505); Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.461651.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0574 2038); Leipzig University, ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig, Germany (GRID:grid.9647.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 7669 9786)
2 Chemnitz University of Technology, Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz, Germany (GRID:grid.6810.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 5505); Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.461651.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0574 2038)
3 Leipzig University, ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig, Germany (GRID:grid.9647.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 7669 9786); Leipzig University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig, Germany (GRID:grid.9647.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 7669 9786)
4 Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.461651.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0574 2038); Leipzig University, ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig, Germany (GRID:grid.9647.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 7669 9786); Leipzig University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig, Germany (GRID:grid.9647.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 7669 9786)