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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread flavivirus in the world with a wide vertebrate host range. Its geographic expansion and activity continue to increase with important human and equine outbreaks and local bird mortality. In a previous experiment, we demonstrated the susceptibility of 7-week-old red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) to Mediterranean WNV isolates Morocco/2003 and Spain/2007, which varied in virulence for this gallinaceous species. Here we study the pathogenesis of the infection with these two strains to explain the different course of infection and mortality. Day six post-inoculation was critical in the course of infection, with the highest viral load in tissues, the most widespread virus antigen, and more severe lesions. The most affected organs were the heart, liver, and spleen. Comparing infections with Morocco/2003 and Spain/2007, differences were observed in the viral load, virus antigen distribution, and lesion nature and severity. A more acute and marked inflammatory reaction (characterized by participation of microglia and CD3+ T cells) as well as neuronal necrosis in the brain were observed in partridges infected with Morocco/2003 as compared to those infected with Spain/2007. This suggests a higher neurovirulence of Morocco/2003, probably related to one or more specific molecular determinants of virulence different from Spain/2007.

Details

Title
Pathogenesis of Two Western Mediterranean West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Isolates in Experimentally Infected Red-Legged Partridges (Alectoris rufa)
Author
Gamino, Virginia 1 ; Pérez-Ramírez, Elisa 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gutiérrez-Guzmán, Ana Valeria 1 ; Sotelo, Elena 2 ; Llorente, Francisco 2 ; Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel Ángel 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Höfle, Ursula 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Grupo SaBio (Sanidad y Biotecnología), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (A.V.G.-G.) 
 Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA) del Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (E.P.-R.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (M.Á.J.-C.) 
 Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA) del Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (E.P.-R.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (M.Á.J.-C.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain 
First page
748
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20760817
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2544925030
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.