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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The prospect of synthesizing biochar from agricultural wastes or by-products to utilize them as a promising adsorbent material is increasingly gaining attention. This research work focuses on synthesizing biochar from castor biomass (CBM) and evaluating its potential as an adsorbent material. Castor biomass-based biochar (CBCs) prepared by the slow pyrolysis process at different temperatures (CBC400 °C, CBC500 °C, and CBC600 °C for 1 h) was investigated for the adsorption of textile dye effluents (safranin). The pyrolysis temperature played a key role in enhancing the morphology, and the crystallinity of the biochar which are beneficial for the uptake of safranin. The CBC600 adsorbent showed a higher safranin dye removal (99.60%) and adsorption capacity (4.98 mg/g) than CBC500 (90.50% and 4.52 mg/g), CBC400 (83.90% and 4.20 mg/g), and castor biomass (CBM) (64.40% and 3.22 mg/g). Adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir isotherm model than to the Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetics of the adsorption process was described well using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The study on the effect of the contact time for the adsorption process indicated that for CBC600, 80% dye removal occurred in the first 15 min of the contact time. After three regeneration cycles, CBC600 exhibited the highest dye removal efficiency (64.10%), highlighting the enhanced reusability of CBCs. The crystalline patterns, functional binding sites, and surface areas of the prepared CBCs (CBC400, CBC500, CBC600) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, respectively.

Details

Title
Castor Leaves-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Safranin from Textile Wastewater
Author
Suleman, Muhammad 1 ; Zafar, Muhammad 2 ; Ashfaq, Ahmed 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rashid, Muhammad Usman 4 ; Hussain, Sadiq 5 ; Razzaq, Abdul 6 ; Mohidem, Nur Atikah 7 ; Tahir Fazal 8 ; Haider, Bilal 4 ; Young-Kwon, Park 9 

 Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (T.F.); Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea; [email protected]; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 
 Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (T.F.); Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [email protected] 
 School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea; [email protected] 
First page
6926
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20711050
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2545193719
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.