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Abstract
Global measurements of the elemental composition of fine particulate matter across several urban locations by the Surface Particulate Matter Network reveal an enhanced fraction of anthropogenic dust compared to natural dust sources, especially over Asia. We develop a global simulation of anthropogenic fugitive, combustion, and industrial dust which, to our knowledge, is partially missing or strongly underrepresented in global models. We estimate 2–16 μg m−3 increase in fine particulate mass concentration across East and South Asia by including anthropogenic fugitive, combustion, and industrial dust emissions. A simulation including anthropogenic fugitive, combustion, and industrial dust emissions increases the correlation from 0.06 to 0.66 of simulated fine dust in comparison with Surface Particulate Matter Network measurements at 13 globally dispersed locations, and reduces the low bias by 10% in total fine particulate mass in comparison with global in situ observations. Global population-weighted PM2.5 increases by 2.9 μg m−3 (10%). Our assessment ascertains the urgent need of including this underrepresented fine anthropogenic dust source into global bottom-up emission inventories and global models.
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Details
1 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Now at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
2 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America; Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
3 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
4 Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
5 School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
7 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
8 Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
9 Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, United States of America
10 Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China