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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has shown unprecedented advantages to sense Soil Moisture Content (SMC) with high spatial and temporal coverage, low cost, and under all-weather conditions. However, implementing an appropriated physical basis to estimate SMC from GNSS-R is still a challenge, while previous solutions were only based on direct comparisons, statistical regressions, or time-series analyses between GNSS-R observables and external SMC products. In this paper, we attempt to retrieve SMC from GNSS-R by estimating the dielectric permittivity from Fresnel reflection coefficients. We employ Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) data and effectively account for the effects of bare soil roughness (BSR) and vegetation optical depth by employing ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellites 2) and/or SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) products. The tests carried out with ICESat-2 BSR data have shown the high sensitivity in SMC retrieval to high BSR values, due to the high sensitivity of ICESat-2 to land surface microrelief. Our GNSS-R SMC estimates are validated by SMAP SMC products and the results provide an R-square of 0.6, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.05, and a zero p-value, for the 4568 test points evaluated at the eastern region of China during April 2019. The achieved results demonstrate the optimal capability and potential of this new method for converting reflectivity measurements from GNSS-R into Land Surface SMC estimates.

Details

Title
Soil Moisture Content from GNSS Reflectometry Using Dielectric Permittivity from Fresnel Reflection Coefficients
Author
Calabia, Andres 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Molina, Iñigo 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Jin, Shuanggen 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (S.J.); School of Land Surveying, Geodesy and Mapping Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, South Campus, 28031 Madrid, Spain 
 School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (S.J.); Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China 
First page
122
Publication year
2020
Publication date
2020
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20724292
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2550316927
Copyright
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.