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Abstract
Dissolved humic material (HDOM) is ubiquitous to all natural waters and its source material influences its chemical structure, reactivity, and bioavailability. While terrestrially derived HDOM reference materials distributed by the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) have been readily available to engineering and scientific communities, a microbially derived reference HDOM was not, despite the well-characterized differences in the chemistry and reactivity of HDOM derived from terrestrial versus microbial sources. To address this gap, we collected a microbial reference fulvic acid from Pony Lake (PLFA) for distribution through the IHSS. Pony Lake is a saline coastal pond on Ross Island, Antarctica, where the landscape is devoid of terrestrial plants. Sample collection occurred over a 17-day period in the summer season at Pony Lake. During this time, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations increased nearly two-fold, and the fulvic acid fraction (collected using the XAD-8 method) accounted for 14.6% of the DOC. During the re-concentration and desalting procedures we isolated two other chemically distinct fulvic acid fractions: (1)PLFA-2, which was high in carbohydrates and (2) PLFA-CER, which was high in nitrogen. The chemical characteristics (elemental analysis, optical characterization with UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and 13C NMR spectroscopy) of the three fulvic acid fractions helped to explain their behavior during isolation.
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1 The Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
2 Pittsburgh, PA, USA
3 Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
4 Geosyntec Consultants, 150 E. Wilson Bridge Ave, Suite 232, Worthington, OH 43085, USA
5 Environmental Chemistry Modeling Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland
6 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
7 School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
8 Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA