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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

In this article, we provide an extensive review of the recent literature of the signaling pathways modulated by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) and PEMFs clinical application. A review of the literature was performed on two medical electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) from 3 to 5 March 2021. Three authors performed the evaluation of the studies and the data extraction. All studies for this review were selected following these inclusion criteria: studies written in English, studies available in full text and studies published in peer-reviewed journal. Molecular biology, identifying cell membrane receptors and pathways involved in bone healing, and studying PEMFs target of action are giving a solid basis for clinical applications of PEMFs. However, further biology studies and clinical trials with clear and standardized parameters (intensity, frequency, dose, duration, type of coil) are required to clarify the precise dose-response relationship and to understand the real applications in clinical practice of PEMFs.

Details

Title
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications
Author
Caliogna, Laura 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Medetti, Marta 1 ; Bina, Valentina 2 ; Brancato, Alice Maria 1 ; Castelli, Alberto 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Jannelli, Eugenio 1 ; Ivone, Alessandro 1 ; Gastaldi, Giulia 3 ; Annunziata, Salvatore 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mosconi, Mario 1 ; Pasta, Gianluigi 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (A.M.B.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (E.J.); [email protected] (A.I.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (G.P.) 
 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] 
 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]; Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy 
First page
7403
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
16616596
e-ISSN
14220067
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2554567692
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.