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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Maritime transport is investigating several options to reduce its greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions. An experimental ship, Energy Observer, is using excess renewable energy to generate onboard hydrogen by electrolysis of purified seawater. As a promising option for storing energy, it can provide on-demand energy to the ship through a hydrogen fuel cell (FC). As hydrogen FCs lifetime and performance are correlated to hydrogen quality, the hydrogen produced onboard needs to be monitored. This study assesses the probability of contaminants presence for this electrolyser, using purified seawater and supports the results with a hydrogen fuel quality analysis from the Energy Observer ship. It demonstrates that an electrolyser using onboard purified seawater can generate hydrogen of a quality compliant with ISO 14687:2019. Additional contaminants (i.e., ions, heavy metal) were also measured. The study highlights the potential contaminants to be monitored and future research on new contaminants from seawater to further develop hydrogen fuel for maritime applications.

Details

Title
Hydrogen for Maritime Application—Quality of Hydrogen Generated Onboard Ship by Electrolysis of Purified Seawater
Author
Bacquart, Thomas 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Moore, Niamh 1 ; Wilmot, Robbie 1 ; Bartlett, Sam 1 ; Abigail Siân Olivia Morris 1 ; Olden, James 2 ; Becker, Hans 1 ; Thor Anders Aarhaug 3 ; Germe, Sebastien 4 ; Riot, Patrick 5 ; Murugan, Arul 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mattelaer, Vincent 2 

 National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (R.W.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (A.S.O.M.); [email protected] (H.B.); [email protected] (A.M.) 
 Toyota Motor Europe, R&D, Fuel Cell Division, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium; [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (V.M.) 
 SINTEF Industry, 7010 Trondheim, Norway; [email protected] 
 STP, DEHT, CEA, Univ Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; [email protected] 
 SLCE Watermakers, 149, Rue Salvador DALI—ZA de Kergouaran, 56607 Lanester, France; [email protected] 
First page
1252
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279717
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2554710020
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.