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Abstract
This study employed in vivo 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the postnatal ocular growth patterns under normal development or neonatal impairments in Sprague–Dawley rats. Using T2-weighted imaging on healthy rats from postnatal day (P) 1 (newborn) to P60 (adult), the volumes of the anterior chamber and posterior chamber (ACPC), lens, and vitreous humor increased logistically with ACPC expanding by 33-fold and the others by fivefold. Intravitreal potassium dichromate injection at P1, P7, and P14 led to T1-weighted signal enhancement in the developing retina by 188–289%. Upon unilateral hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at P7, monocular deprivation at P15, and monocular enucleation at P1, T2-weighted imaging of the adult rats showed decreased ocular volumes to different extents. In summary, in vivo high-field MRI allows for non-invasive evaluation of early postnatal development in the normal and impaired rat eyes. Chromium-enhanced MRI appeared effective in examining the developing retina before natural eyelid opening at P14 with relevance to lipid metabolism. The reduced ocular volumes upon neonatal visual impairments provided evidence to the emerging problems of why some impaired visual outcomes cannot be solely predicted by neurological assessments and suggested the need to look into both the eye and the brain under such conditions.
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1 New York University, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753)
2 University of Pittsburgh, Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh, USA (GRID:grid.21925.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9000)
3 New York University, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753)
4 New York University, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); University of Pittsburgh, Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh, USA (GRID:grid.21925.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9000); New York University, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); New York University, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); New York University, Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); The University of Hong Kong, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam, China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000000121742757)