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Abstract
Our recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.
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1 Hokkaido University Hospital, Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.412167.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0378 6088)
2 Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita, Japan (GRID:grid.251924.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 8504); National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, Kodaira, Japan (GRID:grid.416859.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9832 2227); Asai Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba, Japan (GRID:grid.416859.7)
3 Kanazawa University, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa, Japan (GRID:grid.9707.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 3329); Kanazawa University, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (GRID:grid.9707.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 3329)
4 St. Luke’s International Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.430395.8); St. Luke’s International University, Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.419588.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0318 6320); Toho University Omori Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.452874.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1771 2506)
5 Hokkaido University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
6 Kanazawa University, Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa, Japan (GRID:grid.9707.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 3329)
7 Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.414929.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1763 7921)
8 Sapporo City General Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.415261.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0377 292X)
9 Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akita, Japan (GRID:grid.251924.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 8504)
10 St. Luke’s International Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.430395.8)
11 Kanazawa University, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa, Japan (GRID:grid.9707.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 3329)
12 St. Luke’s International University, Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.419588.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0318 6320)
13 Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita, Japan (GRID:grid.251924.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 8504)
14 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
15 St. Luke’s International Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.430395.8); St. Luke’s International University, Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.419588.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0318 6320)
16 Toho University Omori Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.452874.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1771 2506)