Effects of Melatonin on Cadmium Accumulation and Haematological Parameters in Cadmium Intoxicated Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio B.)

Abstract

The present study was performed to determine the effect of melatonin on cadmium accumulation and haematological parameters changes in females of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.). The fish were exposed to a sublethal concentration of cadmium (0.4 and 4.0 mg/L) without or with melatonin implant (containing 18 mg melatonin hormone) for 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 weeks. After the 7th week, Cd-exposed fish were divided into two groups. The first group of fish were subjected to depuration in clear water, while the second group remained exposed to the same concentrations of cadmium. After the 10th and 13th weeks of exposure the kidney, spleen, heart and blood were taken in order to determine the cadmium concentration and to analyse haematological parameters. The results of this study showed an increase in the concentration of cadmium in the tissues and blood in fish exposed to the highest dose (4.0 mg/L) of cadmium in water with a dependence on the exposure duration. Additionally, it was shown that melatonin administration reduced the cadmium concentration in the tissues and blood, and melatonin had a protective effect against cadmium accumulation. Moreover, the results showed a significant increase in blood parameters (RBC, Ht and Hb) in fish treated with the highest dose of cadmium. However, implantation of melatonin in cadmium-treated fish resulted in marked improvements in haematological parameters. Thus, melatonin can be a good implementation to alleviate, at least partially, the toxicity of cadmium.